Electron fractionalization is intimately
related to topology. In one-dimensional systems, such as polyacetelene,
fractionally charged states exist at domain walls between degenerate
vacua. In two-dimensional systems, fractionalization exists in quantum
Hall fluids, where time-reversal symmetry is broken by a large external
magnetic field. Recently, there has been a tremendous effort in the
search for examples of fractionalization in two-dimensional systems
with time-reversal symmetry. Here we show that fractionally charged
topological excitations exist in tight-biding systems where
time-reversal symmetry is respected. These systems are described, in
the continuum approximation, by the Dirac equation in two space
dimensions. The topological zero-modes are mathematically similar to
fractional vortices in p-wave superconductors. They correspond to a
twist in the phase in the mass of the Dirac fermions, akin to cosmic
strings in particle physics. The quasiparticle excitations can carry
irrational charge and irrational exchange statistics. These excitations
can be deconfined at zero temperature, but when they are, the charge
re-rationalizes to the value 1/2.